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Copyright © Журнал "Человек и труд"

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№ 4, 2010

Abstracts

M. Barinova "Sergey Smirnov: "In principle, modernization holds no drama to the labor market if we consistently respond to its new challenges"
In an interview with Sergey Smirnov, the director of the Institute for Social Policy and socio-economic HSE programs, it was noted that anti-crisis actions of the Government were proved effective in whole. A very difficult situation on AvtoVAZ was discussed. A comparison of the current situation of pensioners and their position in the crisis of 1998 showed their situation has improved. It was said about the need of modernization, the obstacles on the way of modernization were discussed.

V. Bobkov "Influence of the financial crisis on the domestic labor market and living standards of citizens"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: financial and economic crisis, declining incomes, rising unemployment, economic inequality
The author summarizes the changes in the level and quality of life of citizens in 2009. It was noted that changes have been both negative and positive. The author tells about the reducing trend towards incomes of citizens, about the increase of the number of unemployed and most disadvantaged groups, about the deteriorating conditions for the development of education, says that the program of moving people out of emergency shelter had not been fully done. However, the measures taken by the Government retained pre-crisis distribution of population by income, increased social benefits for pensioners. The article contains a table that illustrates the manifestation of a crisis in different regions on the example of purchasing power per capita incomes, a list of the regions in which there is the increase in unemployment is given. The author observes that all these problems are connected not only with the crisis, but also with the raw thrust of the domestic economy.

A. Razumov "The economic crisis in Russia: the assessment of the major social consequences"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: crisis changes in socio-economic sphere, the growth of absolute poverty, reducing employment, reducing real wages
To the main manifestations of the crisis the author attributes a slowdown in economic growth (especially difficult situation is in the automotive and chemical industry and metallurgy), the devaluation of the ruble, the reducing of international reserves of the country, "savings" of Russian companies to employees. The main trends of adaptation of labor market adjustment to a decrease in business activity are listed. There is a table that shows a deterioration of macroeconomic indicators and labor market indicators. It is said about such social consequences of the crisis as the decline of real incomes and real wages of workers, pay pauses, growing poverty population. It was concluded that one of the main objectives of public policy is developing measures to combat poverty.

A. Bubnov "Penza region: prerequisites for the formation of a medical cluster"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: medical cluster, the concentration zone
The author speaks about the advantages of clustering, about prerequisites of establishment of a medical cluster in Penza region, which is based on deeper cooperation with health agencies. It is also noted that the medical cluster must become a cluster of telemedicine in future. In order to attract highly qualified medical personnel a special regional target program is approved.

M. Barinova "Rostrud summarized the interim results of the implementation of anti-crisis measures"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
The efforts of the employment service in 2009 have helped to stabilize the number of registered unemployed and the coefficient of tension in the labor market. The number of those who found a job and those who embarked on vocational training has increased. In January 2009 Federal Service for Labour and Employment has established "Working in Russia" portal which contains relevant information on standards of the current Russian legislation in the employment sphere. There were about 218 thousand of checks on compliance with labor legislation and more than 50% of them were on the protection of employees. Three administrative regulations were developed and approved by the orders of Ministry of Public Health and Social Development of Russia.

A. Lyashetsky "Overcoming the economic gap between Russia is impossible without transforming the consciousness of the ruling elite"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: salary, a single interindustry technique of objective evaluation of labor potential
The author observes that even in the time of crisis the Russian government continues to preserve the capital of billionaires, paying little attention to matters relating to the remuneration of an employee, an engineer, a professor. In order to eliminate social injustice, an objective assessment of the quantity and quality of work and management of its payment is required. A unified cross-industry method of objective assessment of working capacity, skill level and price of labor, based on a unified system of factors, indicators, assessment scores, tariff rates and minimum wage is proposed. This method will help to stimulate the efforts of staff, businesses and academic institutions, to increase their competitiveness. By decision of the Government of the Russian Federation from December 1, 2008 a new system of remuneration of employees of budgetary institutions was introduced, but the practice had showed serious shortcomings in its organization.

A. Krotov "On the question of evasion of payment of wages"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: economic crisis, labor relations, arrears of wages, staff reduction
The article pointed out that the economic crisis has also reflected on the employment relationship. There is a table illustrating the dynamics of reception / disposal of workers and the availability of vacant work places in July-September 2009. The data of the table shows that the largest number of retired workers is those who had voluntary redundancy. It is due to the fact that boss is most profitable to resignations in the case that social guarantees which he is obliges to provide his former employee are minimal. The author describes two methods of avoiding payment of arrears of wages - bankruptcy and reorganization of the company. It is noticed that in both situations of bankruptcy and reorganization of the company, employee can not effectively defend their rights.

A. Yugai "Optimization of the pay system for agricultural enterprises"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: salary, profitability, motivation factors, the concept of outpayment form of wages
The author notes that the salary at the domestic agriculture remains very low and lists the main causes of the decline, such as low level of technical equipment, depreciation of fixed assets, inappropriate organization of work and production, lack of training managers and employees. In analyzing the economic activity of enterprises in rural areas in 2006-2008 it was found out that almost a third of household has income that exceeds the payables, and more than 40% of households are lacked from the capability to pay the debt or they have no access to financial resources at all. The analysis of the fluctuations of average monthly earnings in 2006-2008 speaks of a sustainable trend upwards the number of groups with relatively higher earnings, but the trend of increasing of the average monthly wage with an increase of the profitability ratio is not observed. It is said about the need of developing and putting into practice a system of remuneration and incentive of workers, which will harmoniously respect the interests of all members of the workforce. The article contains a possible scheme of incentives for workers of agricultural enterprises with different profitability. In conclusion, the author recalls that it is necessary to strive to create a comfortable working environment in the enterprise.

T. Lukyanchikova "The salary of a faculty member and its impact on human capital formation"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: faculty, the reproduction of human capital, salary
Teaching staff of higher education institution is a key element of higher education. The author notes that the indexes used as an indicator of the subsistence level give only very general ideas about the achieved level of pay. The author proposes to evaluate the state of material welfare not on the criterion of poverty but on the criterion of adequacy with considering all four levels of material security: poverty, sustainable consumption, income, wealth (opulence). There is a table of the cost of reproduction of human capital of employed men (university teacher), considering three options of spending: minimum consumer budget, rational consumer budget, the budget of affluence and a table of monthly average wages and the extent of the needs of the reproduction of labor, intellectual and social capital. According to the tables it can be judged about a substantial backlog of teacher salaries. The author concludes that the salary level of the teaching staff is not consistent yet with the accelerated formation of human resources necessary to implement the modernization project.

V. Ponizov "On the work of the Russian tripartite commission for regulation of social and labor relations"
The article contains a report on the work of the Russian tripartite commission for regulation of social-labor relations in January-February 2010 and analysis of the implementation of regional programs in 2009.

V. Shishkin "Labour law as an independent branch of the Russian legislation"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: development of labour law, theoretical aspect
The author tells about a number of scientists who have made significant contributions to the theory of labour relations as the subject of labor law, outlines four historical stages in the formation of scientific knowledge on the subject of labour law. In conclusion the author says that the question on the subject of labour law is not indifferent for workpeople, as the recognition of the employment agreement subject to legal regulation leads to a shift or to the side of civil law or to the side of state regulation of labour, which is inevitably associated with the reduction of labour.

V. Popov "Social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases: principles of accounting indicators of occupational exposure to justify the insurance rates of the particular organization"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: labour conditions, assessment of workplaces, insurance rates, statistical relationships in the system of indicators, assessment of occupational risks
The certification of workplaces allows to evaluate working conditions objectively, but it should be borne in mind that the results are not always reliable because their quality is almost not being monitored. The effective measure that will significantly reduce the number of unscrupulous certification organizations will be introduction of the order of their mandatory accreditation in 2010. The author conducts a research to discover how strong and consistent is relationship between indicators of the phenomenon known as "industrial injuries". It is concluded that the influence of random factors on the relationship of the total number of injured with the number of deceased on the production is very low. A comparison of data on indicators of industrial accidents and occupational diseases to the data on injuries and diseases of the Russian population does not confirm the accuracy of statistics of occupational accidents and occupational diseases.

A. Ilyin, I. Ilyina, A. Fedosov "Analysis of the effectiveness of labour of agrarians"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: economic efficiency of labour, effectiveness, efficiency, intensity
The authors assessed the effectiveness of labour off agrarians in terms of outturn, labour intensity, labor efficiency, labor effectiveness. The results indicated that the level of productivity determines its effectiveness, that the indicators of production efficiency and labor are highly dependent on the size of a capital, that the efficiency of labor and production in agriculture greatly depend on the level of specialization.

S. Kovalyova "Marketing costs and marketing investments"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: marketing costs, marketing investments, evaluation of investment
The author examines various interpretations of the concepts of "marketing costs" and "marketing investments," notes the differences between these concepts. It is marked that combining them into a single group of marketing costs can lead to errors in decisions of the leadership of the company.

M. Belyaeva "The specificity of human capital and the choice of form of a contract by labor market entities"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: human capital, work status, specificity of investments, quasi-rent
The data from table given in the article demonstrates the trend towards greater flexibility of the Russian labour market. The author identifies the main factors influencing the choice of contract forms, such as the specificity of investments made by parties to the treaty, the institutional environment of interactions between employee and employer, transaction costs of interactions between subjects of labour. A tendency of decreasing the proportion of employment contracts for an indefinite period is associated with the will of the employer to reduce labour costs.

S. Yudina, G. Sharifullina "Valuation of intellectual component of the national labor potential"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: labor potential, human resources, assessment methodology
The calculation of integral index of national intellectual labor potential conducted by the authors reveals that the value of intellectual capacity has increased since 2003 to 2007. The authors believe that the use of IINILP technique will highlight the priorities of the state, aimed on the raising of the intellectual level of the population, and will help to improve the competitiveness of the economy.

M. Rosenbaum, A. Omelchenko, L. Grechenkova, E. Smirnova, C. Grechenkov "Socio-psychological assessment of the quality of teaching staff"
(journalistic@rambler.ru)
Keywords: teaching staff, evaluation criteria of professionalism and managerial qualities
The article describes the structure of assessing the professionalism of teaching staff in small groups developed by the authors and the results of such study in technical school and in college


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Copyright © Журнал "Человек и труд" №4, 2010 г.